How To Cite

SeisSol does not have a particular “release paper” to cite. As primary reference, we therefore ask you to cite at least one paper that most closely matches the model you have used, for example:

This also includes model extensions, such as:

Please see the respective category below and select an appropriate paper.

If you want to cite the algorithmic or HPC aspects of SeisSol, please pick a paper from the following categories:

To refer to the specific code version that you used in a paper, we recommend to remark that with a comment like

“We use the open-source software SeisSol v1.3.2 (Gabriel et al., 2025)”,

and refer to the Zenodo archive under

  • Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Vikas Kurapati, Zihua Niu, Nico Schliwa, David Schneller, Thomas Ulrich, Ravil Dorozhinskii, Lukas Krenz, Carsten Uphoff, Sebastian Wolf, Alexander Breuer, Alexander Heinecke, Christian Pelties, Sebastian Rettenberger, Stephanie Wollherr, and Michael Bader (2025). SeisSol. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15685917

Reference List

Please also check the SeisSol Google Scholar profile.

Model References

ADER-DG and Isotropic Elastic Wave Propagation
  • Michael Dumbser, and Martin Käser (2006). An arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic waves on unstructured meshes --- II. The three-dimensional isotropic case. Geophysical Journal International, 167(1). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03120.x
  • Martin Käser, and Michael Dumbser (2006). An arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic waves on unstructured meshes --- I. The two-dimensional isotropic case with external source terms. Geophysical Journal International, 166(2). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03051.x
Viscoelasticity
  • Carsten Uphoff, and Michael Bader (2016). Generating high performance matrix kernels for earthquake simulations with viscoelastic attenuation. 2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), DOI: 10.1109/HPCSim.2016.7568431
  • Martin Käser, Michael Dumbser, Josep De La Puente, and Heiner Igel (2007). An arbitrary high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic waves on unstructured meshes --- III. Viscoelastic attenuation. Geophysical Journal International, 168(1). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03193.x
Anisotropy
  • Sebastian Wolf, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Michael Bader (2020). Optimization and Local Time Stepping of an ADER-DG Scheme for Fully Anisotropic Wave Propagation in Complex Geometries. Computational Science -- ICCS 2020, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50420-5_3
  • Josep Puente, Martin Käser, Michael Dumbser, and Heiner Igel (2007). An arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic waves on unstructured meshes - IV. Anisotropy. Geophysical Journal International, 169(3). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03381.x
Poroelasticity
  • Sebastian Wolf, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Martin Galis, Peter Moczo, David Gregor, and Michael Bader (2025). Three-dimensional wave propagation and earthquake dynamic rupture simulations in complex poroelastic media. Geophysical Journal International, 242(2). DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggaf184
  • Sebastian Wolf, Martin Galis, Carsten Uphoff, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Peter Moczo, David Gregor, and Michael Bader (2022). An efficient ADER-DG local time stepping scheme for 3D HPC simulation of seismic waves in poroelastic media. Journal of Computational Physics, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110886
  • Josep Puente, Michael Dumbser, Martin Käser, and Heiner Igel (2008). Discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave propagation in poroelastic media. GEOPHYSICS, 73(5). DOI: 10.1190/1.2965027
Fully-Coupled Earthquake-Tsunami Simulations with SeisSol
  • Lukas Krenz, Carsten Uphoff, Thomas Ulrich, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Lauren S. Abrahams, Eric M. Dunham, and Michael Bader (2021). 3D acoustic-elastic coupling with gravity: the dynamics of the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami. Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, DOI: 10.1145/3458817.3476173
Dynamic Rupture
  • Thomas Ulrich, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Jean-Paul Ampuero, and Wenbin Xu (2019). Dynamic viability of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults. Nature Communications, 10(1). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09125-w
  • C. Pelties, A.-A. Gabriel, and J.-P. Ampuero (2014). Verification of an ADER-DG method for complex dynamic rupture problems. Geoscientific Model Development, 7(3). DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-847-2014
  • Christian Pelties, Josep Puente, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Gilbert B. Brietzke, and Martin Käser (2012). Three-dimensional dynamic rupture simulation with a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008857
  • J. Puente, J.-P. Ampuero, and M. Käser (2009). Dynamic rupture modeling on unstructured meshes using a discontinuous Galerkin method. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114(B10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006271
Off-Fault Plasticity
  • Stephanie Wollherr, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Carsten Uphoff (2018). Off-fault plasticity in three-dimensional dynamic rupture simulations using a modal Discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured meshes: implementation, verification and application. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3). DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggy213

HPC/Algorithmic References

Extreme scalability
  • Carsten Uphoff, Sebastian Rettenberger, Michael Bader, Elizabeth H. Madden, Thomas Ulrich, Stephanie Wollherr, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2017). Extreme Scale Multi-Physics Simulations of the Tsunamigenic 2004 Sumatra Megathrust Earthquake. Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, DOI: 10.1145/3126908.3126948
  • Alexander Heinecke, Alexander Breuer, Sebastian Rettenberger, Michael Bader, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Christian Pelties, Arndt Bode, William Barth, Xiang-Ke Liao, Karthikeyan Vaidyanathan, Mikhail Smelyanskiy, and Pradeep Dubey (2014). Petascale High Order Dynamic Rupture Earthquake Simulations on Heterogeneous Supercomputers. SC '14: Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.6
  • Alexander Breuer, Alexander Heinecke, Sebastian Rettenberger, Michael Bader, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Christian Pelties (2014). Sustained Petascale Performance of Seismic Simulations with SeisSol on SuperMUC. Supercomputing,
Local-Time Stepping
  • Alexander Breuer, Alexander Heinecke, and Michael Bader (2016). Petascale Local Time Stepping for the ADER-DG Finite Element Method. 2016 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), DOI: 10.1109/IPDPS.2016.109
SeisSol on GPUs
  • Ravil Dorozhinskii, Gonzalo Brito Gadeschi, and Michael Bader (2024). Fused GEMMs towards an efficient GPU implementation of the ADER-DG method in SeisSol. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 36(12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.8037
Code Generation
  • Carsten Uphoff, and Michael Bader (2020). Yet Another Tensor Toolbox for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods and Other Applications. ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 46(4). DOI: 10.1145/3406835
ASAGI and Parallel I/O
  • Sebastian Rettenberger, Oliver Meister, Michael Bader, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2016). ASAGI: A Parallel Server for Adaptive Geoinformation. Proceedings of the Exascale Applications and Software Conference 2016, DOI: 10.1145/2938615.2938618

Training and Verification

High-Order Accuracy
  • Martin Käser, Verena Hermann, and Josep de la Puente (2008). Quantitative accuracy analysis of the discontinuous Galerkin method for seismic wave propagation. Geophysical Journal International, 173(3). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03781.x
SeisSol Code Verification
  • Ruth A. Harris, Michael Barall, Brad Aagaard, Shuo Ma, Daniel Roten, Kim Olsen, Benchun Duan, Dunyu Liu, Bin Luo, Kangchen Bai, Jean‐Paul Ampuero, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, Kenneth Duru, Thomas Ulrich, Stephanie Wollherr, Zheqiang Shi, Eric Dunham, Sam Bydlon, Zhenguo Zhang, Xiaofei Chen, Surendra Nadh Somala, Christian Pelties, Josué Tago, Victor Manuel Cruz‐Atienza, Jeremy Kozdon, Eric Daub, Khurram Aslam, Yuko Kase, Kyle Withers, and Luis Dalguer (2018). A Suite of Exercises for Verifying Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Codes. Seismological Research Letters, 89(3). DOI: 10.1785/0220170222
Uncertainty Quantification with SeisSol
  • Maximilian Kruse, Zihua Niu, Sebastian Wolf, Mikkel Lykkegaard, Michael Bader, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Linus Seelinger (2025). Scalable Bayesian Inference of Large Simulations via Asynchronous Prefetching Multilevel Delayed Acceptance. Proceedings of the Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference, DOI: 10.1145/3732775.3733581
SeisSol Training
  • Marine A. Denolle, Carl Tape, Ebru Bozdağ, Yinzhi Wang, Felix Waldhauser, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, Jochen Braunmiller, Bryant Chow, Liang Ding, Kuan‐Fu Feng, Ayon Ghosh, Nathan Groebner, Aakash Gupta, Zoe Krauss, Amanda M. McPherson, Masaru Nagaso, Zihua Niu, Yiyu Ni, Rıdvan Örsvuran, Gary Pavlis, Felix Rodriguez‐Cardozo, Theresa Sawi, David Schaff, Nico Schliwa, David Schneller, Qibin Shi, Julien Thurin, Chenxiao Wang, Kaiwen Wang, Jeremy Wing Ching Wong, Sebastian Wolf, and Congcong Yuan (2025). Training the Next Generation of Seismologists: Delivering Research‐Grade Software Education for Cloud and HPC Computing Through Diverse Training Modalities. Seismological Research Letters, DOI: 10.1785/0220240413

Application studies using SeisSol

2025
  • Nico Schliwa, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Yehuda Ben-Zion (2025). Shallow Fault Zone Structure Affects Rupture Dynamics and Ground Motions of the 2019 Ridgecrest Sequence to Regional Distances. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 130(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031194
  • Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, Dmitry Igor Garagash, Thomas Ulrich, Nico Schliwa, and P. Martin Mai (2025). Ground‐Motion Characteristics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, DOI: 10.1785/0120240281
  • Francesco Mosconi, Elisa Tinti, Emanuele Casarotti, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Luca Dal Zilio, and Massimo Cocco (2025). Modeling the 3D Dynamic Rupture of Microearthquakes Induced by Fluid Injection. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 130(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029621
  • John M Rekoske, Dave A May, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2025). Reduced-order modelling for complex three-dimensional seismic wave propagation. Geophysical Journal International, 241(1). DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggaf049
  • Ming-Hsuan Yen, Elif Türker, Thomas Ulrich, Mathilde Marchandon, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Fabrice Cotton (2025). An analysis of directivity pulses using empirical data and dynamic rupture simulations of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake doublet. Earthquake Spectra, 41(2). DOI: 10.1177/87552930241305012
2024
  • Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Dmitry I. Garagash, Kadek H. Palgunadi, and P. Martin Mai (2024). Fault size--dependent fracture energy explains multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes. Science, 385(6707). DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9587
  • Sara Aniko Wirp, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, and Stefano Lorito (2024). Dynamic Rupture Modeling of Large Earthquake Scenarios at the Hellenic Arc Toward Physics-Based Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Assessment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029320
  • P. A. Inchin, Y. Kaneko, A.-A. Gabriel, T. Ulrich, L. Martire, A. Komjathy, J. Aguilar Guerrero, M. D. Zettergren, and J. B. Snively (2024). Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Coseismic Atmospheric Dynamics and Ionospheric Responses in Slant Total Electron Content Observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(21). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL108068
  • J. N. Hayek, M. Marchandon, D. Li, L. Pousse-Beltran, J. Hollingsworth, T. Li, and A.-A. Gabriel (2024). Non-Typical Supershear Rupture: Fault Heterogeneity and Segmentation Govern Unilateral Supershear and Cascading Multi-Fault Rupture in the 2021 \$M\_w\$7.4 Maduo Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(20). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110128
  • Bo Li, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, and Gregor Hillers (2024). Source Properties of the Induced ML 0.0--1.8 Earthquakes from Local Beamforming and Backprojection in the Helsinki Area, Southern Finland. Seismological Research Letters, 96(1). DOI: 10.1785/0220240122
  • Duo Li, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2024). Linking 3D Long-Term Slow-Slip Cycle Models With Rupture Dynamics: The Nucleation of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Guerrero, Mexico Earthquake. AGU Advances, 5(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000979
  • Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Dmitry Igor Garagash, Thomas Ulrich, and Paul Martin Mai (2024). Rupture Dynamics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB027578
  • F. Kutschera, A.-A. Gabriel, S. A. Wirp, B. Li, T. Ulrich, C. Abril, and B. Halldórsson (2024). Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík--Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland. Solid Earth, 15(2). DOI: 10.5194/se-15-251-2024
2023
  • Zhe Jia, Zeyu Jin, Mathilde Marchandon, Thomas Ulrich, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Wenyuan Fan, Peter Shearer, Xiaoyu Zou, John Rekoske, Fatih Bulut, Aslı Garagon, and Yuri Fialko (2023). The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmara&#x15f;, Turkey, \<i\>M\</i\>\<sub\>w\</sub\> 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet. Science, 381(6661). DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0685
  • Taufiq Taufiqurrahman, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Duo Li, Thomas Ulrich, Bo Li, Sara Carena, Alessandro Verdecchia, and František Gallovič (2023). Dynamics, interactions and delays of the 2019 Ridgecrest rupture sequence. Nature, 618(7964). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05985-x
  • Nico Schliwa, and Alice‐Agnes Gabriel (2023). Equivalent Near‐Field Corner Frequency Analysis of 3D Dynamic Rupture Simulations Reveals Dynamic Source Effects. Seismological Research Letters, 95(2A). DOI: 10.1785/0220230225
  • Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, Mathilde Marchandon, James Biemiller, and John Rekoske (2023). 3D Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the 6 February 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey Mw 7.8 and 7.7 Earthquake Doublet Using Early Observations. The Seismic Record, 3(4). DOI: 10.1785/0320230028
  • John M. Rekoske, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Dave A. May (2023). Instantaneous Physics-Based Ground Motion Maps Using Reduced-Order Modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026975
  • Lukas Krenz, Sebastian Wolf, Gregor Hillers, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, and Michael Bader (2023). Numerical Simulations of Seismoacoustic Nuisance Patterns from an Induced M 1.8 Earthquake in the Helsinki, Southern Finland, Metropolitan Area. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 113(4). DOI: 10.1785/0120220225
  • Bo Li, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, Claudia Abril, and Benedikt Halldorsson (2023). Dynamic Rupture Models, Fault Interaction and Ground Motion Simulations for the Segmented Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone, Northern Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025886
  • Arnau Folch, Claudia Abril, Michael Afanasiev, Giorgio Amati, Michael Bader, Rosa M. Badia, Hafize B. Bayraktar, Sara Barsotti, Roberto Basili, Fabrizio Bernardi, Christian Boehm, Beatriz Brizuela, Federico Brogi, Eduardo Cabrera, Emanuele Casarotti, Manuel J. Castro, Matteo Cerminara, Antonella Cirella, Alexey Cheptsov, Javier Conejero, Antonio Costa, Marc de la Asunción, Josep de la Puente, Marco Djuric, Ravil Dorozhinskii, Gabriela Espinosa, Tomaso Esposti-Ongaro, Joan Farnós, Nathalie Favretto-Cristini, Andreas Fichtner, Alexandre Fournier, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Jean-Matthieu Gallard, Steven J. Gibbons, Sylfest Glimsdal, José Manuel González-Vida, Jose Gracia, Rose Gregorio, Natalia Gutierrez, Benedikt Halldorsson, Okba Hamitou, Guillaume Houzeaux, Stephan Jaure, Mouloud Kessar, Lukas Krenz, Lion Krischer, Soline Laforet, Piero Lanucara, Bo Li, Maria Concetta Lorenzino, Stefano Lorito, Finn Løvholt, Giovanni Macedonio, Jorge Macías, Guillermo Marín, Beatriz Martínez Montesinos, Leonardo Mingari, Geneviève Moguilny, Vadim Montellier, Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, Georges Emmanuel Moulard, Masaru Nagaso, Massimo Nazaria, Christoph Niethammer, Federica Pardini, Marta Pienkowska, Luca Pizzimenti, Natalia Poiata, Leonhard Rannabauer, Otilio Rojas, Juan Esteban Rodriguez, Fabrizio Romano, Oleksandr Rudyy, Vittorio Ruggiero, Philipp Samfass, Carlos Sánchez-Linares, Sabrina Sanchez, Laura Sandri, Antonio Scala, Nathanael Schaeffer, Joseph Schuchart, Jacopo Selva, Amadine Sergeant, Angela Stallone, Matteo Taroni, Solvi Thrastarson, Manuel Titos, Nadia Tonelllo, Roberto Tonini, Thomas Ulrich, Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Malte Vöge, Manuela Volpe, Sara Aniko Wirp, and Uwe Wössner (2023). The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase. Future Generation Computer Systems, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.04.006
  • Jagdish Chandra Vyas, Alice‐Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, Paul Martin Mai, and Jean‐Paul Ampuero (2023). How Does Thermal Pressurization of Pore Fluids Affect 3D Strike‐Slip Earthquake Dynamics and Ground Motions?. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 113(5). DOI: 10.1785/0120220205
  • Lauren S Abrahams, Lukas Krenz, Eric M Dunham, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Tatsuhiko Saito (2023). Comparison of methods for coupled earthquake and tsunami modelling. Geophysical Journal International, 234(1). DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggad053
2022
  • Thomas Ulrich, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, and Elizabeth H. Madden (2022). Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics. Nature Geoscience, 15(1). DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00863-5
  • Elizabeth H. Madden, Thomas Ulrich, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2022). The State of Pore Fluid Pressure and 3-D Megathrust Earthquake Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023382 Elizabeth H. Madden, Thomas Ulrich, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2022). The State of Pore Fluid Pressure and 3-D Megathrust Earthquake Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023382
  • T. Taufiqurrahman, A.-A. Gabriel, T. Ulrich, L. Valentová, and F. Gallovič (2022). Broadband Dynamic Rupture Modeling With Fractal Fault Roughness, Frictional Heterogeneity, Viscoelasticity and Topography: The 2016 Mw 6.2 Amatrice, Italy Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(22). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098872
  • I. Zelst, L. Rannabauer, A.-A. Gabriel, and Y. Dinther (2022). Earthquake Rupture on Multiple Splay Faults and Its Effect on Tsunamis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024300
  • J. Biemiller, A.-A. Gabriel, and T. Ulrich (2022). The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low-Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 23(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010298
2021
  • Elisa Tinti, Emanuele Casarotti, Thomas Ulrich, Taufiq Taufiqurrahman, Duo Li, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2021). Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: The Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117237
2018
  • Alexander Bauer, Fabian Scheipl, Helmut Küchenhoff, and Alice-Agnes Gabriel (2018). An introduction to semiparametric function-on-scalar regression. Statistical Modelling, 18(3-4). DOI: 10.1177/1471082X17748034
2009
  • Marco Stupazzini, Josep Puente, Chiara Smerzini, Martin Käser, Heiner Igel, and Alberto Castellani (2009). Study of Rotational Ground Motion in the Near-Field Region. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B). DOI: 10.1785/0120080153